Mechanical Properties of Wrought Stainless Steel* (All Properties Specified, usually Flat Products) |
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Common Type |
UNS No | Condition | 0.2% Proof Strength MPa |
Tensile Strength MPa |
Tensile |
Brinell Hardness HB |
Rockwell Hardness HRB |
Vickers Hardness HV Max |
ASTM |
|
Min |
Min |
≤1.2mm Min |
>1.2mm Min |
Max |
[HRC] Max |
|||||
201 | S20100 | Annealed | 310 | 655 | 40 | 40 | 217 | 100 | 240 |
A240 |
202 | S20200 | Annealed | 260 | 620 | 40 | 40 | 241 | - | - |
A240 |
301 | S30100 | Annealed | 205 | 515 | 40 | 40 | 217 | 95 | 210 |
A240 |
301 | S30100 | 1/4 hard | 515 | 860 | 25 | 25 | - | - | - |
A666 |
301 | S30100 | 1/2 hard | 760 | 1035 | 15 | 18 | - | - | - |
A666 |
301 | S30100 | 3/4 hard | 930 | 1205 | 10 | 12 | - | - | - |
A666 |
301 | S30100 | Full hard | 965 | 1275 | 8 | 9 | - | - | - |
A666 |
302 | S30200 | Annealed | 205 | 515 | 40 | 40 | 201 | 92 | 210 |
A240 |
302HQ | S30430 | Annealed | - | 605 max | - | - | - | - | - |
A493 |
303 | S30300 | Annealed | 240 | 585 | 50 | 50 | - | - | - |
A582 |
304 | S30400 | Annealed | 205 | 515 | 40 | 40 | 201 | 92 | 210 |
A240 |
304L | S30403 | Annealed | 170 | 485 | 40 | 40 | 201 | 92 | 210 |
A240 |
305 | S30500 | Annealed | - | 585 max | - | - | - | - | - |
A493 |
+ | S30815 | Annealed | 310 | 600 | 40 | 40 | 217 | 95 | - |
A240 |
309S | S30908 | Annealed | 205 | 515 | 40 | 40 | 217 | 95 | 225 |
A240 |
310S | S31008 | Annealed | 205 | 515 | 40 | 40 | 217 | 95 | 225 |
A240 |
316 | S31600 | Annealed | 205 | 515 | 40 | 40 | 217 | 95 | 225 |
A240 |
316L | S31603 | Annealed | 170 | 485 | 40 | 40 | 217 | 95 | 225 |
A240 |
316Ti | S31635 | Annealed | 205 | 515 | 40 | 40 | 217 | 95 | 225 |
A240 |
317 | S31700 | Annealed | 205 | 515 | 35 | 35 | 217 | 95 | - |
A240 |
317L | S31703 | Annealed | 205 | 515 | 40 | 40 | 217 | 95 | - |
A240 |
321 | S32100 | Annealed | 205 | 515 | 40 | 40 | 217 | 95 | 210 |
A240 |
347 | S34700 | Annealed | 205 | 515 | 40 | 40 | 201 | 92 | - |
A240 |
904L | N08904 | Annealed | 215 | 490 | 35 | 35 | - | 90 | - |
B625 |
409 | S40900 | Annealed | 205 | 380 | 20 | 22 | 179 | 88 | - |
A240 |
430 | S43000 | Annealed | 205 | 450 | 20 | 22 | 183 | 88 | 210 |
A240 |
444 | S44400 | Annealed | 275 | 415 | 20 | 20 | 217 | 96 | 200 |
A240 |
446 | S44600 | Annealed | 280 | 480 | 20 | - | - | - | - |
A580 |
1.4003 | S41003 | Annealed | 280 | 460 | 18 | 18 | 220 | - | - |
- |
2205 | S31803 | Annealed | 450 | 620 | 25 | 25 | 293 | [31] | - |
A240 |
+ | S32304 | Annealed | 400 | 600 | 25 | 25 | 290 | [32] | - |
A240 |
+ | S32750 | Annealed | 550 | 795 | 15 | 15 | 310 | [32] | - |
A240 |
+ | S32760 | Annealed | 550 | 750 | 25 | 25 | 270 | [28] | - |
A240 |
+ | S32550 | Annealed | 550 | 760 | 15 | 15 | 302 | [32] | - |
A240 |
410 | S41000 | Annealed | 205 | 450 | 20 | 22 | 217 | 96 | 210 |
A240 |
416 | S41600 | Annealed | 276 | 517 | 30 | 30 | - | - | - |
A582 |
420 | S42000 | Cold Finished | - | 520 | - | 42 | 255 | - | - |
A276 |
431 | S43100 | Cold Finished | - | 965 max | - | - | 285 | - | - |
A580 |
440A | S44002 | Cold Finished | - | - | - | - | 285 | - | - |
A580 |
440C | S44004 | Cold Finished | - | - | - | - | 285 | - | - |
A580 |
17-4PH | S17400 | H1025 | 1000 | 1070 | 12 | 12 | 401 | [42] | - |
A564 |
+ Proprietary alloy names apply. |
Typical Physical Properties - Annealed Condition |
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|
|
|
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (b) |
Thermal Conductivity |
|
|
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Grade or type |
UNS No |
Density (kg/m3) |
Elastic Modulus (a) GPa |
0-100oC µm/m/ oC |
0-315oC µm/m/ oC |
0-538oC µm/m/ oC |
At 100oC W/m.K |
At 500oC W/m.K |
Specific Heat 0-100oC J/kg.K |
Electrical Resistivity nOhms.m |
201 |
S20100 |
7800 |
197 |
15.7 |
17.5 |
18.4 |
16.2 |
21.5 |
500 |
690 |
202 |
S20200 |
7800 |
- |
17.5 |
18.4 |
19.2 |
16.2 |
21.6 |
500 |
690 |
301 |
S30100 |
8000 |
193 |
17.0 |
17.2 |
18.2 |
16.2 |
21.5 |
500 |
720 |
302 |
S30200 |
8000 |
193 |
17.2 |
17.8 |
18.4 |
16.2 |
21.5 |
500 |
720 |
302B |
S30215 |
8000 |
193 |
16.2 |
18.0 |
19.4 |
15.9 |
21.6 |
500 |
720 |
303 |
S30300 |
8000 |
193 |
17.2 |
17.8 |
18.4 |
16.2 |
21.5 |
500 |
720 |
304 |
S30400 |
8000 |
193 |
17.2 |
17.8 |
18.4 |
16.2 |
21.5 |
500 |
720 |
304L |
S30403 |
8000 |
193 |
17.2 |
17.8 |
18.4 |
16.3 |
21.5 |
500 |
720 |
302HQ |
S30430 |
8000 |
193 |
17.2 |
17.8 |
- |
11.2 |
21.5 |
500 |
720 |
304N |
S30451 |
8000 |
196 |
17.2 |
17.8 |
18.4 |
16.3 |
21.5 |
500 |
720 |
305 |
S30500 |
8000 |
193 |
17.2 |
17.8 |
18.4 |
16.2 |
21.5 |
500 |
720 |
308 |
S30800 |
8000 |
193 |
17.2 |
17.8 |
18.4 |
15.2 |
21.6 |
500 |
720 |
309 |
S30900 |
8000 |
200 |
15.0 |
16.6 |
17.2 |
15.6 |
18.7 |
500 |
780 |
310 |
S31000 |
8000 |
200 |
15.9 |
16.2 |
17.0 |
14.2 |
18.7 |
500 |
780 |
314 |
S31400 |
7800 |
200 |
- |
15.1 |
- |
17.5 |
20.9 |
500 |
770 |
316 |
S31600 |
8000 |
193 |
15.9 |
16.2 |
17.5 |
16.2 |
21.5 |
500 |
740 |
316L |
S31603 |
8000 |
193 |
15.9 |
16.2 |
17.5 |
16.3 |
21.5 |
500 |
740 |
316N |
S31651 |
8000 |
196 |
15.9 |
16.2 |
17.5 |
14.4 |
- |
500 |
740 |
317 |
S31700 |
8000 |
193 |
15.9 |
16.2 |
17.5 |
16.2 |
21.5 |
500 |
740 |
317L |
S31703 |
8000 |
200 |
16.5 |
- |
18.1 |
14.4 |
- |
500 |
790 |
321 |
S32100 |
8000 |
193 |
16.6 |
17.2 |
18.6 |
16.1 |
22.2 |
500 |
720 |
329 |
S32900 |
7800 |
186 |
10.1 |
11.5 |
- |
- |
- |
460 |
750 |
330 |
N08330 |
8000 |
196 |
14.4 |
16.0 |
16.7 |
- |
- |
460 |
1020 |
347 |
S34700 |
8000 |
193 |
16.6 |
17.2 |
18.6 |
16.1 |
22.2 |
500 |
730 |
384 |
S38400 |
8000 |
193 |
17.2 |
17.8 |
18.4 |
16.2 |
21.5 |
500 |
790 |
409 |
S40900 |
7800 |
200 |
11.7 |
12.0 |
12.4 |
24.9 |
- |
460 |
- |
410 |
S41000 |
7800 |
200 |
9.9 |
11.4 |
11.6 |
24.9 |
28.7 |
460 |
570 |
416 |
S41600 |
7800 |
200 |
9.9 |
11.0 |
11.6 |
24.9 |
28.7 |
460 |
570 |
420 |
S42000 |
7800 |
200 |
10.3 |
10.8 |
11.7 |
24.9 |
- |
460 |
550 |
430 |
S43000 |
7800 |
200 |
10.4 |
11.0 |
11.4 |
26.1 |
26.3 |
460 |
600 |
430F |
S43020 |
7800 |
200 |
10.4 |
11.0 |
11.4 |
26.1 |
26.3 |
460 |
600 |
431 |
S43100 |
7800 |
200 |
10.2 |
12.1 |
- |
20.2 |
- |
460 |
720 |
434 |
S43400 |
7800 |
200 |
10.4 |
11.0 |
11.4 |
- |
26.3 |
460 |
600 |
436 |
S43600 |
7800 |
200 |
9.3 |
- |
- |
23.9 |
26.0 |
460 |
600 |
440C |
S44004 |
7800 |
200 |
10.2 |
- |
- |
24.2 |
- |
460 |
600 |
444 |
S44400 |
7800 |
200 |
10.0 |
10.6 |
11.4 |
26.8 |
- |
420 |
620 |
446 |
S44600 |
7800 |
200 |
10.4 |
10.8 |
11.2 |
20.9 |
24.4 |
500 |
670 |
630 |
S17400 |
7500 |
196 |
10.8 |
11.6 |
- |
18.3 |
23.0 |
460 |
800 |
631 |
S17700 |
7800 |
204 |
11.0 |
11.6 |
- |
16.4 |
21.8 |
460 |
830 |
+ |
N08904 |
7900 |
195 |
16.0 |
17.5 |
- |
14.0 |
- |
500 |
950 |
+ |
S30815 |
7800 |
200 |
16.3 |
17.3 |
18.0 |
14.0 |
18.0 |
500 |
- |
+ |
S31803 |
7800 |
200 |
13.7 |
14.7 |
- |
19.0 |
- |
480 |
850 |
+ |
S32304 |
7800 |
200 |
13.0 |
- |
- |
16.0 |
- |
470 |
850 |
+ |
S32750 |
7800 |
200 |
13.0 |
14.0 |
- |
17.0 |
- |
470 |
- |
3CR12 |
S41003 |
7800 |
205 |
10.8 |
11.3 |
12.0 |
31.0 |
32.0 |
480 |
570 |
4565S |
S34565 |
8000 |
190 |
14.5 |
16.3 |
17.2 |
14.5 |
- |
510 |
920 |
+ |
S32760 |
7600 |
190 |
12.8 |
13.8 |
- |
14.4 |
- |
480 |
850 |
(a) 1GPa = 1000MPa |
Nickel prices have been relatively high over the last couple of years. As a result, there has been increased interest in low-nickel or no-nickel grades of stainless steel.
One such family of stainless steels is the 200-series and use of these has doubled this decade. They have become popular in China and South East Asia, particularly. However, this has not been without problems.
Because the 200-series grades are austenitic, they are not magnetic and are therefore very difficult to distinguish from the widely used 300-series grades, such as 304 or 316, which are also non-magnetic. This has led to confusion in the marketplace, including cases of incorrect labeling, etc, with 200-series material being sold as 304.
Most growth in 200-series use over recent years has been in low-nickel and therefore low-chromium versions which have less corrosion resistance than 304. The end result has been corrosion failures in some applications and dissatisfied customers. In addition, there are concerns that this 200-series material may contaminate the existing stainless steel recycling circuit which is based on 304.
The 200-series is a technically valid family of stainless steels but, like all stainless steel grades, they have their limitations. If you are considering the use of a 200-series material then you should ensure you have all the necessary data you require to make a rational judgment - mechanical and physical properties, corrosion performance in your environment, etc. And it is strongly recommended that you deal only with reputable and knowledgeable suppliers who can provide high quality material of known origin.
Stainless Steel Development Associations
Brazil |
Abinox |
www.abinox.org.br |
China | Stainless Steel Council of China Specialist Steel Enterprises Association |
www.cssc.org.cn |
Germany | Informationsstelle Edelstahl Rostfrei (ISER) | www.edelstahl-rostfrei.de |
India | Indian Stainless Steel Development Association (ISSDA) | www.stainlessindia.org |
Indonesia | Indonesian Stainless Steel Development Association (INASSDA) | www.inassda.org |
Italy | Centro Inox | www.centroinox.it |
Japan | Japan Stainless Steel Association (JSSDA) | www.jssa.gr.jp |
Korea | Korea Iron and Steel Association (KOSA) | www.kosa.or.kr |
Malaysia | Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation (MISIF) | www.misif.org.my |
Mexico | The Mexican Stainless Institute | www.iminox.org.mx/en/ |
New Zealand | New Zealand Stainless Steels Development Association (NZSSDA) | www.nzssda.org.nz |
Poland | Stainless Steel Association | www.stalenierdzewne.pl/en/ |
South Africa | Southern Africa Stainless Steel Development Association (SASSDA) | www.sassda.co.za |
Spain | Cedinox | www.cedinox.es |
Sweden | Swedish Steel Producers' Association | www.jernkontoret.se |
Switzerland | Swiss Inox | www.swissinox.ch |
Taiwan | Taiwan Steel and Iron Industries Association | www.tsiia.org.tw |
Thailand | Thai Stainless Steel Development Association (TSSDA) | www.tssda.org |
United Kingdom | British Stainless Steel Association (BSSA) | www.bssa.org.uk |
United States | Specialty Steel Industry of North America (SSINA) | www.ssina.com |
International Chromium Development Association (ICDA) | www.icdacr.com | |
International Manganese Institute (IMnI) | www.manganese.org | |
International Molybdenum Association (IMOA) | www.imoa.info | |
Nickel Institute (NI) | www.nickelinstitute.org |
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